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Contested Identities Using Lacanian Psychoanalysis to Explore.doc

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Contested Identities Using Lacanian Psychoanalysis to Explore.doc

CONTESTED IDENTITIES: USING LACANIAN PSYCHOANALYSIS TO EXPLORE AND DEVELOP SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY Parisa Dashtipour ‘Social creativity’ in social identity theory Social identity theory is broadly used as an explanatory tool across the discipline of social psychology (Brown, 2000) and it is probably the only model in the field which provides a rather meticulous illustration of ‘inferior’/devalued identities. Rather than discussing recent developments of SIT or dwelling upon critiques against it, the aim of this paper is limited to provide a short review of the ‘social creativity’ notion and point to how Lacanian psychoanalysis might help to elaborate on some of its assumptions. The idea in SIT is that people’s knowledge of their in-group and out-group and the way these are evaluated has an effect on self-image and action and that people have a motivation to “seek a positive social identity” (Turner et al. 1987: 30). A negative or threatened social identity will induce the adoption of various resistance strategies by the group (Turner and Brown, 1978; Tajfel and Turner, 1986). One of these strategies is ‘social creativity’. This strategy is assumed to be adopted when group boundaries are not perceived to be permeable, and when the social power structure is believed to be legitimate. It involves an attempt to change the content of the negative social identity. For example, the group can introduce new dimensions through which they can compare themselves against other groups in more positive terms. They can also change the value of those aspects which are previously considered to be inferior and re-evaluate/reverse them. For example the ‘black is beautiful’ movement has attempted to do just that. In other words, this strategy is about re-assessing the content of the negative social category. Reicher (2004) points out that contextual constraints determine whether the subordinate group will be able to engage in these strategies. These constraints are for example the ac