Efficient Design and Analysis of Robust Power Distribution.pptVIP

Efficient Design and Analysis of Robust Power Distribution Meshes Puneet Gupta (puneet@) Blaze DFM Inc. Andrew B. Kahng ECE CSE UCSD Presented by Swamy Muddu Motivation Current density and hence IR drop is increasing with every technology generation IR drop Static IR drop: resistive, driven by peak currents Transients: E.g., IR drop analysis and optimization is very slow Optimization is usually formulated as Non-Linear Program Analysis too slow to be used during Place Route Typical global power distribution Horizonatal/Vertical stripes Power meshes Peripheral i/o or flipchip This work: Static IR drop, peripheral i/o The 1D Case Consider a power stripe with single power source at one end. Order power tap-points 1..N starting from the one closest to the power source IR drop increases away from the power source Wire segments between current tap-points closer to Vdd carry higher current ?A tapered power stripe is more bang for buck Closed form solution for optimal sizing can be calculated using Lagrangian multipliers. Assume area of a wire segment is proportional to its conductance The 1D Case contd.. Solution to the minimum area IR drop (MAIC) constrained stripe sizing: (r=resistance, i=current) Solution to the minimum IR drop area constrained (MIAC) problem is given by: (G=total conductance constraint) IR Drop in Power Grids IR Drop increases going in from the power ring “Radial” nature of IR drop variation in a power grid ? notice the similarity to the 1D case Equipotential contours take the form of “rings” : diamond shaped at the center of layout and square shaped at the periphery (shape of power ring) Analysis of the 2D Case Assume square equipotential rings Divide power mesh into radial and tangential segments nXn mesh ? rings Intuition: Current flows only in the radial segments Radial vs. Tangential Segments Variation of peak IR drop with varying widths of radial and tangential segments is shown Radial segments impact IR drop much more than t