白矮星 脉冲星 中子星详解.pptVIP

* xkong@ * D来表示，并细分为许多次型，如： DA──富氢的、 DB──富氦的、 DF──富钙的 DP──强磁场的…… 白矮星分类 * xkong@ * Size of a White Dwarf WD with same mass as Sun are about same size as Earth Higher mass white dwarfs are smaller * xkong@ * Thought Question What happens to a white dwarf when it accretes enough matter to reach the 1.4 MSun limit? A. It explodes B. It collapses into a neutron star C. It gradually begins fusing carbon in its core * xkong@ * What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary system? Star that started with less mass gains mass from its companion Eventually the mass-losing star will become a white dwarf What happens next? * xkong@ * Accretion Disks Mass falling toward a white dwarf from its close binary companion has some angular momentum The matter therefore orbits the white dwarf in an accretion disk Friction between orbiting rings of matter in the disk transfers angular momentum outward and causes the disk to heat up and glow * xkong@ * Nova The temperature of accreted matter eventually becomes hot enough for hydrogen fusion Fusion begins suddenly and explosively, causing a nova * xkong@ * Nova The nova star system temporarily appears much brighter The explosion drives accreted matter out into space * xkong@ * Nova or Supernova? Supernovae are MUCH MUCH more luminous!!! (about 10 million times) Nova: H to He fusion of a layer of accreted matter, white dwarf left intact Supernova: complete explosion of white dwarf, nothing left behind Carbon fusion suddenly begins as white dwarf in close binary system reaches white dwarf limit, causing total explosion * xkong@ * 第四章 致密天体 白矮星 中子星 脉冲星 黑 洞 /~xkong/introast/ * xkong@ * 中子星 * xkong@ * Walter Baade （1893-1960） Lev D. Landau （1908-1968） 研究简史：理论走在观测前面 1932年：卡文迪许实验室Chadwick发现中子 1932年：前苏联Landau预言简并中子星存在 1934年：德国Baade和瑞士Zwicky提出“超新星爆发后的核心形成中子星” 1939年：美国Oppenheimer和Volkoff计算出第一个中子星理论模型。 * xkong@ * Fritz Zwicky （1898-1974） 1967年：剑桥的研究生J. Bell发现第一颗射电脉冲星 PSR 1919+21?中子星 1968年：Gold提出旋转中子星的脉冲星模型 Jocelyn Bell 19