OrganizationStructure组织结构.ppt

第八章：Organization Structure组织结构 组织是管理的重要职能之一。本章对组织中的有关问题进行了较全面的介绍，本章的主要内容包括：组织的基础；纵向结构；横向结构；组织一体化。 第一节：Fundamentals of organizing组织的基础 Organization chart The reporting structure and division of labor in an organization. 组织图：一个组织里的汇报结构和劳动分工。 The chart provides a picture of the reporting structure and the various activities that are carried out by different individuals.组织结构图展示了公司的汇报结构和不同个体执行的不同任务。 The traditional organization chart 1.The boxes represent different work.方框代表不同的工作。 2.The titles in the boxes show the work performed by each unit.方框中的名称表示每个单位做的工作。 3.Reporting and authority relationship are indicated by solid lines showing superior-subordinate connections.实线注明了汇报和职权关系，显示了上下级的联系。 4.Levels of management are indicated by the number of horizontal layers in the chart. All persons or units that are of the same rank and report to the same person are on one level.水平排列的方框代表着管理层次。所有同一级别并向同一个人报告的个人或单位都在同一个等级水平上。 Differentiation差异化 Differentiation An aspect of the organization’s internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor. 差异化：组织的内部环境的一个方面，由工作专业化和劳动分工而产生。 Differentiation means that the organization is comprised of many different units that work on different kinds of tasks, using different skills and work methods.差异化意味着企业由许多从事不同任务的不同单位构成，这些单位分别采用不同的工作技能和工作方法。 Differentiation is created through division of labor and job specialization. Division of labor means that the work of the organization is subdivided into smaller tasks. Various individuals and units throughout the organization perform different tasks. Specialization, in turn, refers to the fact that different people or groups often perform specific parts of the entire task 差异化由劳动分工和专业化分工而产生，劳动分工意味着组织中的工作被分为更小的工作任务，由企业中的不同个人和单位完成不同的任务。专业化指不同的个人或单位只负责完成整个工作任务中的某些特定部分。 Secretaries and accountants specialize in, and perform, different jobs; similarly, marketing, finance, and human resources tasks are divided among those respective departments.秘书和会计具有不同的专长因而从事不同的工作；与此类似，营销、财务、和人力资源工作被划