计算机专业英语教程new课件.ppt

Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence (a) AI is currently being applied in business in the form of knowledge systems, which use human knowledge to solve problems. The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system. An expert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristic is derived from the same Greek root as the word eureka, which means “to discover”. (b) The user interface enables the manager to enter instructions and information into the expert system and to receive information from it. The instructions specify the parameters that guide the expert system through its reasoning processing. The information is in the form of values assigned to certain variables. Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence (c) The knowledge base contains both facts that describe the problem area and knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem area. (d) An expert system, also called a knowledge-based system, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. Expert systems are excellent for diagnostic and prescriptive problems. (e) The DSS is not intended to replace the manager. The computer can be applied to the structured portion of the problem, but the manager is responsible for the unstructured portion——applying judgment or intuition and conducting analyses. Chapter 10 Data Structure and Algorithms New words Initializer Algorithm Stack Syntax recognition Expression evaluation Funtion call Push Pop LIFO Linked list index 初始化程序 算法 栈 语法识别 表达式求值 函数调用 压入,进栈，推入 弹出,出栈，上托 后进先出 链表 索引，指标，下标，指数 Chapter 10 Data Structure and Algorithms New words Spanning tree Sorting Block sorting Redistribute Induction recurrence 生成树 排序 块排序 重新分布 归纳法 递推，递归 Data abstraction is a central concept in program design. The ab