浙江大学大学物理甲下 chapter 35.pptVIP

* Chapter 35 Magnetic Properties of Materials Chapter 35 Magnetic Properties of Materials 35-1 The Magnetic Dipole 1. Definition direction and magnitude of μ Magnetic dipole produces magnetic field. The effect of magnetic field on the magnetic dipole moment τmax stable unstable Interacting energy of magnetic dipole in magnetic field If U=0, when θ= π/2, then . When θ= 0, U is minimum. 2. The field of a dipole A bar magnet can be considered to be a magnetic dipole. 35-2 The Force on a Dipole in a Nonuniform field Permanent dipoles are attracted to the source of the field. Permanent magnetic dipole moments In summary, in a nonuniform magnetic field, permanent dipoles are rotated into alignment with the field and attached to the source of the field, but induced dipoles are repelled from the source of the field. Induced magnetic dipole moments Induced dipoles are repelled from the source of the field. 35-3 Atomic and Nuclear Magnetism 1. Orbital magnetic dipole moment Atomic dipole → tiny current loop μB is Bohr magneton 2. Intrinsic magnetic moment (spin moment) The total magnetic moment of an atom is obtained from the vector sum of the orbital and spin magnetic moments of all its electrons. 3. Nuclear magnetism The nucleus has a magnetic moment with two parts: orbital magnetic moment of protons and intrinsic magnetic moment of protons and neutrons. 4. Nuclear magnetic resonance Nobel prize in physics 1952: Bloch Purcell for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision methods and discoveries of connection therewith. NMRI Paul C.Lauterbur US Peter Mansfield UK The Nobel prize in physiology or medicine for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging. (2003) 35-4 Magnetization (a) In an unmagnetized sample: (b) In an magnetized sample: Define the magnetization M: There are three field: applied magnetic field B0, magnetized field BM, net magnetic