《中国和俄罗斯企业家精神之比较》.pdf

* ** Entrepreneurship in China and Russia Compared , Simeon Djankov, World Bank Yingyi Qian, UC Berkeley Gérard Roland, UC Berkeley Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, CEFIR Abstract: We compare results from a pilot study on entrepreneurship in China and Russia. Compared to non-entrepreneurs, Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs have more entrepreneurs in their family and among childhood friends, value work more relative to leisure and have higher wealth ambitions. Russian entrepreneurs have a better educational background and their parents were more likely to have been members of the communist party but Chinese entrepreneurs are more risk-taking and greedy and have more entrepreneurs among their childhood friends. * Acknowledgements: We thank Irina Levina and Xiaolu Wang for excellent research assistance, and the International Finance Corporation for financial support. ** Email addresses: sdjankov@worldbank.org , yqian@econ.Berkeley.EDU, groland@econ.berkeley.edu, EZhuravskaya@cefir.ru 1. Introduction. The recent development and transition literatures have emphasized the importance of a strong and healthy small and medium enterprise sector for economic growth and development. Endogenous growth theory (Aghion and Howitt, 1997) has emphasized the Schumpeterian approach to growth which advances that entrepreneurial dynamism is fundamental for innovation and growth. We have launched a research project trying to understand better the determinants of entrepreneurship using surveys of individuals that are being conducted in five large deve