动平衡培训材料课件.ppt

Balancing 准备， 一个转子的质量轴和几何轴（旋转轴）不一致就会存在不平衡。U = m x r = M x e 有三种方法平衡转子： 增加质量 移除质量 从新分配质量 安全有效的规定是什么? 平衡标准: ISO 1940 ANSI 2.19 API 610 ISO 1940最好知道: 用ISO 1940平衡公差=(gm-mm) 摘要 有三种不平衡类型：单面不平衡，偶不平衡，双面不平衡 直径和转子的长度比是选择测量类型的主要依据。 修正面距离与轴承间距离比是另一个主要主要依据 转子形状(轴承间,悬挂等)是第三个依据 所有的目的是限制轴承的负载和/或振动。 平衡公差应该以被执行的过程为基础，不应该只盲从G 2.5 规则不顾实际应用 问题和回答 1.我们为什么不在工件工作的rpm测量不平衡量？答：⑴不平衡量和rpm的大小无关，是客观存在的⑵ 更高的速度需要长时间的升速和降速⑶更高的速度要求夹具的工艺就更苛刻⑷低速更能确保操作者的安全，减少额外不必要在安全防护装置上成本 如何使用ISO194定义公差 平衡公差=9.54xG(等级)x转子质量(g)/RPM(工作转速) Once the machine is set it will provide direct readout of the unbalance for the selected planes. This rotor is in tolerance - OK The tolerance is set at 5 mg and 7 mg The readout is set for remove weight - the little rotor picture shows drill hole. The polar graph give a direct visual readout of the action required. As you can see, we are in the “bulls eye” so no action needed. OK we have the first stage. Set up balancer, load and run the rotor. Measure the unbalance Now we have to make correction There are three choices Add mass - bolt on a block, add screw, mix some epoxy putty and apply it weld a block in place. Watch for, obstruction that will prevent rotor from turning. Make sure weight can’t fly off. Don’t weaken rotor drilling a tapping a hole. Remove mass - drill, mill, grind, remove balance weight (maybe a washer under bolt) Redistribute - rings that turn, bolts holding pulley on shaft (shift the pulley) Open up an undersize bore with an offset to correct unbalance. (mass centering) We need to establish a couple of reference points her. There are International standards that wew can use as guidelines but they are by nature very general. Relying just on one of these standards can give you a tolerance that is quite a way off from the optimum. When a machine is running there is a background vibration at many different frequencies. Some of this comes from bearings, maybe a drive belt - especially one that is worn. Sometimes motors have a magnetic unb