Change in meaning讲义.pptVIP

Discussion The chances of getting the exact style, size, and color the recipient would prefer is slim. Changes in language Phonological change Lexical change Grammatical/syntactic change Semantic change Chapter 7 Change in meaning Misunderstanding Culture Change in word meaning Diachronically (Shakespeare) Synchronically (temporal, new words) Change in meaning Specific ? general Concrete ? abstract Broadening Narrowing Shift Specific ? general Bird Lady Carry 好 睡 Liquor Capsule Disease 臭 丈夫 Generalization Specialization Concrete ? abstract Grasp Pain Make 运动 健康 打 Room thing Metonymy . Shift of meaning Silly 千金 走 狱 Metaphor Metonymy Causes of change Borrowings (70%) (deer, animal, beast) Social development (blackboard, car) Changes in language (daily, general, fall) Psychological factor economy emotion novelty Mechanics of change Metaphor metonymy Metaphor Likeness + association shape function affection Crane Branch Neck Root Fruit Coat Beast Pig Jewel Metaphor Parts of human body: the head of a bed the face of a watch the mouth of a river the lip of a cup the tongue of a shoe the teeth of a comb the nose of an airplane the eye of potato Metaphor Parts of animal plants: gooseneck lamp hare lips wings of an airplane the root of a tooth the stem of a word a family tree Metaphor Objects to human body the bridge of the nose the roof of the mouth eye-ball ear drum the arch of the foot knee-cap Metaphor Animals to human: fox lucky dog bee 地头蛇 走狗 过街老鼠 Metaphor Animals to V: to ape / parrot to dog to duck to fox to wolf to snail Metonymy Whole ? part Organs of body → function Tool / material → sth. / sb. Container → sth. Symbol Synaesthesia Metonymy Have a sharp eye Have a keen ear Have a good nose Have a silver tongue Have a cool head Metony