Part引论——ch权衡取舍比较优势和市场体系.ppt

主动学习 1 不在生产可能性边界上的点 A.在图上找出代表（100台电脑，3000吨小麦）的点，并标作F。经济能生产出这样的两种产品数量组合吗？为什么？ B. 接下来，找出代表（300台电脑，3500吨小麦）的点，并标作G。经济能生产出这样的两种产品组合吗？为什么？ 主动学习 1 参考答案 主动学习 1 参考答案 主动学习 2 生产可能性边界与机会成本 主动学习 2 参考答案 习题1 下表描述了两个城市的生产可能性 判断题 1、即使一国在所有物品上都有绝对优势，两国也能从贸易中获得好处 2、某些极有才能的人在做任何一件事都有比较优势 3、如果某种贸易对一个人是好事，那么它对另一个人也总是好事 4、如果贸易给一个国家带来好处，那么它也一定能给该国的每一个人带来好处。 1 2 上海 3 3 北京 一个工人每小时生产的白袜子数量 一个工人每小时生产的红袜子数量 1、没有贸易时，北京一双白袜子的价格？上海一双红袜子的价格？ 2、在每种袜子的生产上，哪个城市有绝对优势？哪个城市有比较优势？ 3、可以进行交易的价格范围？ * Suggestion: Show first row. Explain how we get the production numbers from the employment numbers. Then, show the rest of the employment numbers, and give students 3 minutes to compute the production numbers for each employment allocation. This exercise leads students to discover for themselves that points under the PPF are possible but inefficient, while points above it are not possible. * Here, the “rise” is a negative number, because, as you move to the right, the line falls (meaning wheat output is reduced). Moving to the right involves shifting resources from the production of wheat (which causes wheat output to fall) to the production of computers (which causes computer production to rise). Producing an additional computer requires the resources that would otherwise produce 10 tons of wheat. This exercise reinforces the material on the preceding slide. It is especially useful if you plan to cover Chapter 3 (Interdependence and the Gains from Trade) after completing Chapter 2. There are two ways to get the answer. The hard way is to compute the slope of both PPFs. The slope of France’s PPF equals -600/300 = -2, meaning that France must give up two units of wine to get an additional unit of cloth. The slope of England’s PPF = -200/300 = -2/3, meaning that England only must sacrifice 2/3 of a unit of wine to get an additional unit of cloth. Thus, the opportunity cost of cloth is lower in England than France. The question, however, does not ask for the numerical valu