作文的上下文衔接手法及写作模板.doc

作文的上下文衔接手法 常见的七种关系 Cause and effect 因果关系 1）表示原因的 because, as, since, due to, owing to 2）表示结果的 hence(因此)，thus（因此），therefore(因此)，As a consequence,…（作为结果） Accordingly…( 相应的) ， Consequently…( 作为结果)so…that…(如此…以致…) E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment. 生态系统正在急剧的恶化，因此，我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染。 Exemplification 举例 …is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子。) Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比如…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例证…) e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化，以中国为例，当年轻人去电影院的时候，通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影。 Comparison and contrast 对比关系 While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contrast e.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could often perform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比) 现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧张，而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务。 e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality. Concession 让步关系 Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词 名词词组或者动名词)（尽管有…）, Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此) e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding. 尽管适应新的文化可能很难，但这会被证明是很值得的。 The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. Definition 下定义 A is best characterized by…( A 最明显的特征是…)， A onstitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成). e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen observations. 一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律，毅力和敏锐的观察。 Supposition 假设论证 provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…) only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要) if…, suppose that… e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal expe