卡尔纳普意义理.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 卡尔纳普的意义理论是在近代哲学家对“阿基米德点”的寻找以及弗雷格以来现代 逻辑学的产生发展这一大背景下所形成的独有的思想。卡尔纳普语义学思想也直接受塔 尔斯基语义学影响，他的语义学中所涉及到的外延和内涵这两个概念受弗雷格意义理论 的影响。 早期卡尔纳普坚持“证实原则”的意义标准，认为综合句子可以依靠经验证实或否 证，然而分析句子是不能依靠证实进行说明。为解决分析句子的有意义问题，卡尔纳普 首先提出了运用逻辑句法可以解决这一问题。逻辑句法涉及形成规则和变形规则，说话 的两种方式等内容。但是卡尔纳普后来认识到意义应该是语义学概念，又受到塔尔斯基 语义学的影响，认为语义解释能够给予分析句子有意义的合理说明。语义学涉及到一重 要的概念逻辑真理，外延和内涵是语义学分析新方法的基础。 卡尔纳普的意义理论有积极的影响。它一方面启发“哲学观念”的发展，具体表现 由传统形而上学哲学模式转为科学的逻辑句法的哲学考虑；另一方面其科学语言的探讨 推动了科学哲学的发展。这种科学语言的探讨不但促使逻辑主义的科学哲学产生，也启 发了“自然化认识论”科学哲学的形成；第三个方面就是它的句法和语义研究使得逻辑 的本质突显。当然，卡尔纳普的意义理论也有局限性，表现于理论本身还存有矛盾；理 论中某些问题面对另外一些哲学家的质疑却给不出合理性解释。 关键词 卡尔纳普 证实原则 句法 语义学 意义 内涵 外延 I Abstract Abstract Carnaps theory of meaning in the modern philosophers Archimedean point look and moldern logic since Freges origin and development formed the backdrop to this unique idea. Carnap Semantics is also directly affected by Tarski, and semantics are involved extension and intension of the concepts are affected by Freges theory of meaning . Earlys Carnap adhere to the Verification Principle meaning standard, believes composite sentences can rely on comprehensive experience confirmed or not permit, however, analysis of a sentence can not rely on comprehensive experience confirmed or not permit. To settle the issue of meaningful analysis of sentences, Carnap first proposed the use of logical syntax can solve this problem. Logical syntax involved in the formation and deformation rules, two ways of speaking and so on. But the significance of Carnap later realized that the concept should be semantics, also are affected by Tarski semantics, and semantic interpretation that can give a reasonable description of analysis of sentences. Semantics is an important