宏观经济学第二章宏观经济数据.pptVIP

* * 19 * source: /fred2/ * 20 * 20 * * * * source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. * * Source: /fred2/ * * For the U.S., GDP and GNP are very close. Thus, students may not realize why we bother teaching them the difference. The data on this slide makes clear that the difference is very important for many countries. Source: World Bank. * Each number is the percent of the “typical” household’s total expenditure. source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, /cpi/ * * * * CPI与GDP 平减指数的区别之二: CPI比较固定的一篮子物品与劳务的价格与基年这一篮子物品与劳务的价格（劳工局只是偶尔改变这一篮子物品）... …而GDP平减指数比较现期生产的物品与劳务的价格与基年同样物品与劳务的价格。 CPI vs. GDP平减指数 CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 CPI vs. GDP平减指数 prices of capital goods included in GDP deflator (if produced domestically) excluded from CPI prices of imported consumer goods included in CPI excluded from GDP deflator the basket of goods CPI: fixed GDP deflator: changes every year 不同时期的美元数字 当比较不同时点 上美元数字时，价格指数被用来校正通货膨胀的影响。 将T年的美元价值转化为今天的美元价值: 今天的美元价值量 T年的美元 价值量 今天的物价水平 T年的物价水平 = 前10名卖座电影（根据通货膨胀进行了调整） 片名 上映 年代 按2004年美元估算的国内总票房收入（百万美元） 1.乱世佳人 2.星球大战 3.音乐之声 4.外星人：外星人入侵 5.十诫 6.泰坦尼克号 7.大白鲨 8.日瓦戈医生 9.丛林日记 10.白雪公主 1939 1977 1965 1982 1956 1997 1975 1965 1967 1937 1254 1084 870 861 801 789 783 740 662 650 CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 失业率的衡量 就业者者 有工作 失业者 没有工作，但在努力找工作 劳动者 就业者和失业者之和 非劳动者 没有工作，也不去找工作 失业率 失业者占劳动者的比例 CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 练习: 计算失业率 U.S. adult population by group, June 2006 就业者总数 = 144.4 million 失业者总数 = 7.0 million 成年人口总数 = 228.8 million 请用上面的数据计算 劳动者总数 失业率 CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 The establishment survey The BLS obtains a second measure of employment by surveying businesses, asking how many workers are on their payrolls. Neither measure is perfect, and they occasionally diverge due to: treatment of self-employed persons new firms not counted in establishment survey technical issues involving population inferences from sample data CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 Two measures of employment growth Percentage change from 12 months earlier CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据