街道峡谷对称性对污染物扩散的影响.pdfVIP

中国环境科学 2015,35(3) ：706~713 China Environmental Science 街道峡谷对称性对污染物扩散的影响 杨 方,钟 珂,亢燕铭* (东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620) 摘要：采用数值模拟的方法,研究了行列式和错列式街谷两侧建筑物的对称性对街谷内和下游建筑尾流区污染物浓度的影响,并引入 3 个 用于评价室内空气环境的指标来描述街谷中人员区域内的空气质量.结果表明,平均残留时间(ART)和有效通风率(PFR)可用于评价不对称 街谷内的空气质量.街谷的不对称性对街谷内部和下游建筑尾流区污染物浓度分布均有明显影响.下游建筑越低,则尾流区的浓度越高.行 列式和错列式街谷中人员活动空间的无量纲平均浓度分别在建筑高度比例为 7/3 和 7/2 时最大.为在城市规划中尽可能避免出现最不利比 例的街谷,根据平均残留时间和有效通风率等指标,给出了上下游建筑高度比与最不利街谷改善率的关系. 关键词：非对称街道峡谷；街谷上下游建筑高度比；最不利比例街谷；有效通风率；平均残留时间 中图分类号：X51, P463, TU119, TU984 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2015)03-0706-08 Effects of street geometric configurations on the pollutant dispersion around the canyons. YANG Fang, ZHONG Ke, * KANG Yan-ming (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China). China Environmental Science, 2015,35(3)：706~713 Abstract ：The effect of street geometric configurations, i.e., building height layout, on pollutant distributions in both regular and staggered street canyons and the wake region of the downstream buildings are estimated by using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Three ventilation efficiency indices for evaluating indoor environment are applied to assess the air quality in the pedestrian domain. The numerical results show that average residence time (ART) and purging flow rate (PFR) can be used to evaluate the air quality inside the street canyons. The flow field and pollutant distribution inside and outside the canyon are greatly influenced by the building height layout, and the pollutant concentration in the wake region increases with decreasing the downstream building height. The highest values of the average concentration may occur in the pedestrian domain when the height ratios of the up