电磁场与电磁波第9讲静电场能量及第三章复习.ppt

作业情况 1班：人 2班：人 合计：人 情况: * Field and Wave Electromagnetic 电磁场与电磁波 2009. 3. 30 1. Electric Flux Density and Dielectric Constant 2. Boundary Conditions for Electrostatic Fields Review Main topic 3. Review: Static electric fields 1. Capacitance and Capacitors 2. Electrostatic Energy V12 mean the potential difference between the two conductors. The capacitance of a capacitor is a physical property of the two-conductor system. It depends on the geometry of the conductors and on the permittivity of the medium between them; it does not depend on either the charge Q or the potential difference V12. A capacitor has a capacitance even when no voltage is applied to it and no free charges exist on its conductors. Capacitance C can be determined from above equation by either (1) assuming a V12 and determining Q in terms of V12, or (2) assuming a Q and determining V12 in terms of Q. At this stage, since we have not yet studied the methods for solving boundary-value problems (which will be taken up in Chapter 4), we find C by the second method. The procedure is as follows: 1. Choose an appropriate coordinate system for the given geometry. 2. Assume charges +Q and -Q on the conductors. 3. Find E from Q by Gauss’s law, or other relations. 4. Find V12 by evaluating from the conductor carrying -Q to the other carrying +Q. 5. Find C by taking the ratio Q/V12. Example 3-19 P125 (1) Series＆Parallel Connections of Capacitors Parallel Connections of Capacitors 电容器的电压相等 Series connections of capacitors(电容器的电量相等) (2) Capacitances In Multiconductor Systems 静电能来源：外力克服电场力做功转化而来，静电场能仅与带电体的最终带电状态有关而与到达这一状态的中间过程无关。 静电能：当电荷放入电场中，就会受到电场力的作用，电场力做功使电荷位移，这说明电场具有能量。静电场内储存着能量，这种能量通常被称为静电能。电场越强，对电荷的力就越大，做功的能力就越强，说明电场具有的能量就越大。 3. Electrostatic Energy 能量的零点： 最初电荷都分散在彼此相距很远(无限远)的位置上。通常规定，处于这种状态下的静电能为零。静电场能量We等于于把各部分电荷从无限分散的状态聚集成现有带电体系时抵抗静电力所作的全部功。 Bring a charge Q2 from infinity against the field of a charge Q1 in free space to a distance R