第九章电极电位祥解.pptVIP

Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy. It involves redox reaction. These reactions involve a change in the oxidation state of one or more elements. Oxidation is an increase in oxidation number as a result of the loss of electrons of “control”. Reduction is a decrease in oxidation number due to the gain of electrons. A reaction in which an oxidation and a reduction occur is called an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction. The electrons are being transferred from one substance to another in redox reactions Summary Primary cell is a device capable of transferring chemical energy into electrical energy through reduction-oxidation reaction. The electric double layer theory explains the production of electrode potential. The standard electrode potential is a relative value that is calculated by the difference from that of a standard hydrogen electrode. As a cell reaction is the sum of two half-reactions, the cell potential is the sum of the two half-cell potentials. Summary Nernst equation is one of the most important equations in electrochemistry, which summarizes the effect of concentration on electrode potential. At certain temperature, the concentration change of [Ox]a／[Red]b affects the value of electrode potential. For an electrode reaction, aOx + ne- bRed, assuming at standard condition (298.15K), Nernst equation can be expressed as shown below, Summary Summary For a redox reactions in a cell reaction, a A + b B d D + e E 氧化剂1 还原剂2 还原剂1 氧化剂2 When T = 298.15K, the cell potential (E ) can be calculated using the Nernst equation below: In the equation E? is the standard potential of the cell, n is the number of electrons transferred in the cell reaction. In a primary cell, the electricity couple with higher electrode potential is used as the positive pole and vice versa. The primary cell