WaterandSaltBalanceinAquaticEnvironments.pptVIP

Water Relations Chapter 5 Outline Water Availability Water Content of Air Water Movement in Aquatic Environments Water Movement Between Soils and Plants Water Regulation on Land Water Acquisition by Animals Water Acquisition by Plants Water Conservation by Plants and Animals Water and Salt Balance in Aquatic Environments Water Availability The tendency of water to move down concentration gradients, and the magnitude of those gradients, determine whether an organism tends to lose or gain water from its environment. Must consider an organism’s microclimate (微氣候) in order to understand its water relations. Water Content of Air Evaporation accounts for much of water lost by terrestrial organisms. As water vapor in the air increases, the water concentration gradient from organisms to air is reduced, thus evaporative loss is decreased. Evaporative coolers work best in dry climates. 於乾燥的氣候，蒸發的冷卻效果最好。 Water Content of Air Relative Humidity: (相對溼度) Water Vapor Density Saturation Water Vapor Density (x 100) Water vapor density is measured as the water vapor per unit volume of air. Saturation water vapor density is measured as the quantity of water vapor air can potentially hold. Changes with temperature. Water Content of Air Total Atmospheric Pressure (大氣壓) Pressure exerted by all gases in the air. Water Vapor Pressure (水氣壓) Partial pressure due to water vapor. Saturation Water Vapor Pressure (飽和水氣壓) Pressure exerted by water vapor in air saturated by water. Vapor Pressure Deficit (水氣壓赤字) Difference between WVP and SWVP at a particular temperature. Evaporative Water Loss Water Movement in Aquatic Environments (水域環境) Water moves down concentration gradient. Water is more concentrated in freshwater (淡水) environments than in the oceans. Aquatic organisms can be viewed as an aqueous solution bounded by a selectively permeable membrane floating in an another aqueous solution. Water Movement in Aquatic Environments If two environments differ in water or salt conce