SH二零一六 Part VI The Victorian Age Critical Realism in England.pptVIP

Part VI The Victorian Age Critical Realism in England 1832-1902 维多利亚时期 英国批判现实主义 Queen Victoria Victoria ascended to the throne when she was only eighteen. On 20 June 1837 the young princess Victoria was awakened by her mother at 6 o’clock and brought downstairs in her dressing gown. She was informed that her uncle William IV (1830-1837在位) had died from heart failure early that morning and that consequently she was the Queen of the country. She remained Queen until her death almost 64 years later at the age of 82. Her reign, the longest in British history, is known as the Victorian era of the United Kingdom which was marked by the height of the British Industrial Revolution and a great expansion of the British Empire (1837-1901). Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of House of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (萨克森-柯堡-哥达) in 1840. The royal couple had four sons and five daughters. Victoria was deeply attached to her husband. When he died at the age of 42 in 1861, she sank into depression. She had lost a devoted husband and her principle trusted adviser in affairs of state. 1819年生于伦敦,1837年继位成为英国女王。到19世纪末，维多利亚女王由于拥有许多欧洲皇室的皇亲国戚，被人称为“欧洲的祖母”。1897年英国为她在位60周年举行庆典，成为英国历史上统治时间最长的女王。由于这一时期英国迅速地向外扩张，建立了庞大的殖民地，因此被称为“日不落帝国”。1901年1月22日，维多利亚女王去世。 Brief History of England Pre-Conquest Kings of England 802-1066 Monarchs of England 1066- Norman and Plantagenet (金雀花王朝) Kings 1066-1377 Houses of Lancaster and York 1377-1485 House of Tudor 1485-1603 (Henry VII-Henry VIII-Edward VI-Mary I-Elizabeth I) House of Stuart 1603-1714 (James I-Charles I-Oliver Cromwell-Charles II-Mary and her Dutch husband Prince William of Orange-Queen Anne) House of Hanover 1714-1837 (George I-George II-George III-George IV-his brother William IV) House of Saxe-Coburg-Windsor (1837- ) 温莎王朝(Victoria-her eldest son Edward VII-his son George V-his son Edward VIII- his brother George VI; Winston S. Churchill as Prime Minister-Queen Elizabeth II 1952年加冕) 19世纪的文学 18世纪末、19世纪初是欧洲文学史上的重要转折期，古典主义处于衰亡，浪漫主义文