3-6 时态,情态,语态,虚拟语气.pptVIP

翻译技巧进阶 时态,情态,语态,虚拟语气 时态 翻译成汉语时常要加词,如: 正在,在, 即将,将,将要,快要,已经,尚未等. It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do. (Helen Keller: “Three Days to See”) 人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人，或是死里逃生的人，对于他所做的事总是兴味盎然。 Exercise 1. In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years. 2. 我想这会儿你已经睡着了. 3. You can have my dictionary. I won’t be using it. 我一直盼望着有机会看这部电影。 I’ve been hoping I’d have a chance to see the film. 她决定那年冬天退休，到那时她在这里任教就有40年了。 She decided to retire that winter. By that time she would have been teaching here for 40 years. 进行时态的特殊用法 1.用于描写状态,表达强烈的感情色彩 Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _____to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone???????????????????? B. will phone??????? C. were phoning???????? D. are phoning 现在进行时用于描写一种状态，显得生动，表示一种强烈感情色彩，常与频度副词always\continually等连用，多半表示说话者不满、厌烦等。而一般现在时则侧重于叙述事实，感情色彩较淡。 She is always complaining about her salary. I think she should work harder. 2.表将来, 描写生动,值得期待 — Are you still busy?—Yes, I ______my work, and it won’t take long. A. just finish??? B. am just finishing?? C. have just finished??? D. am just going to finish 现在进行时可表按照现在计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作，描写生动，值得期待；谓语动词多为go\come\leave\start等位置移动动词。 也可带有其他情态意义，有时含“决心”，常用于否定句中。例：I am not talking with her again. (=I won’t talk with her again.)类似地，过去进行时也可表过去将来即将发生的动作。 3.表婉转语气 —Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?—Of course. What is it?—I ____if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wondered??? B. was wondering?? C. would wonder???? D. did wonder 过去进行时表婉转语气，以示礼貌，从if从句中助动词could也可领会到。过去进行时表婉转语气仅限用于少数动词如hope\want\wonder等，表婉转语气或礼貌请求，且较一般过去时、现在进行时和一般现在时更加婉转礼貌。上述各时态并无时间差异，只是语气婉转程度不一。 4. Being +形容词: 短暂的特征 He is being difficult today. You are being stupid. The boy is being a good boy the whole day. 情态动词 英语的情态动词的含义比汉语的能愿动词含义丰富. 翻译时要加词. “能，会， 愿”P265 Exercise Could you spare me a few minutes? Might I ask a question? (我可不可以…) He