氧化铝赤泥回收氧化铝的研究精要.doc

氧化铝赤泥回收氧化铝的研究 摘 要 赤泥是生产过程中排出的工业固体废弃物，具有强碱性和高放射性。目前，的生产方法主要有拜耳法、烧结法和联合法三种，其中采用拜耳法生产1t大约要排放1.0t~1.4t的赤泥。随着需求量的增大和铝土矿品位的降低，赤泥排放量将越来越大，大量赤泥的堆放，不但占用土地，且赤泥中的化学成分渗土入壤，会造成土地碱化、地下水污染等生态环境问题。因此，如何处理生产过程所排放的大量赤泥，减少环境污染是生产行业必须解决的难题。长期以来，国内外学者对赤泥的综合利用都进行过大量研究，烧结法赤泥得到了不同程度的利用，而对拜耳法赤泥，虽然提出了很多有效的方案，但由于技术上和经济上的原因，绝大多数未能付诸于工业实践。综合利用赤泥，对企业和环境都有较大的综合效益。本实验利用拜耳法生产氧化铝流程中的固体废料赤泥作为主要原料，提取其中氧化铝。实验表明，对赤泥进行酸浸，蒸发滤液，经过水解钛、除钙，固液分离，取其滤液，再用氢氧化钠对其中和，到达一定pH值，通过液固分离，取固体，在合适的条件（反应时间、配料分子比、碱浓度）下，用氢氧化钠对其溶出，过滤得滤液，即为铝酸钠溶液，也是生产氧化铝的主原料之一，然后在一定的条件下，对铝酸钠溶液进行碳酸化分解，得到氢氧化铝。对氢氧化铝进行焙烧，可以得到氧化铝。通过实验，确定出赤泥盐酸浸出条件：盐酸浓度：6；L/S：5；浸出温度：沸点；浸出时间：3小时。碱溶出条件：配料分子比：1.8；碱浓度在160g/L；溶出温度：沸点；溶出时间60分钟。氧化铝的回收率可达到80%。 关键词：氧化铝赤泥，铝酸钠溶液，氢氧化铝，氧化铝 STUDY ON THE RECORERY OF ALUMINA FROM RED MUD ABSTRACT The red mud is discharged industrial solid waste in the production process, has the strong alkaline and high radioactivity. At present, with Bayer process, sintering method and combined method of three kinds of main production method, which using the Bayer process red mud production of 1t about 1.0t ~1.4t.emission. With the increase of demand reduction and bauxite grade, red mud emissions will be more and more big, piling up a lot of red mud, not only takes up the land, and the chemical components in the red mud soil into the soil, causing land alkalization, pollution of groundwater environmental problems. Therefore, how to deal with a lot of red mud production process emissions, reduce environmental pollution is a problem that must be solved in the production industry. For a long time, the comprehensive utilization of domestic and foreign scholars on the red mud has done a lot of research, sintered red mud is used in different degree, but the Bayer red mud, although the proposed many effective solutions, but due to the technology and the economy, the vast majority of failed to pay the industrial Practice for the effective use of exploring ways of Bayer red mud. Alumina red mud is the alumina production process of waste, comprehensive utiliz