专业英语2.2煤.docVIP

Coal Coal is a complex substance consisting of （由······组成 be made up of（看得见原料的）/from）many variations of chemical compounds 化合物 , but all coals contain the basic components （成分）of hydrogen （H氢） and carbon, the elements that contribute the largest amount of heating value （热值）to coal. 煤是一种由多种多样的化合物组成的复杂物质,但所有煤炭都包含基本成分的氢和碳，碳元素是在煤中贡献最多热值的元素。 The types of coal mined in the United States are classified as anthracite, bituminous, semianthracite and subbituminous, depending upon （根据 be based on/upon）the amount of organic 有机的 volatile （挥发性）matter （物质）contained in each type. 在美国，煤矿的类型被归类为无烟煤、烟煤,半无烟煤和亚烟煤,这取决于在每一个类型所包含有机挥发性物质的数量。 Anthracite is practically all carbon. It burns slowly with little smoke. Nearly all anthracite used in the United States comes from Pennsylvania. It is usually called hard coal and has a heating value （热值）of 30X106J/kg （读法：thirty multiplied by ten to the sixth）of dry coal. Since it contains little volatile matter, it burns with a very small flame. Anthracite has been the most commonly burned coal for heating residences （住宅）and is available （可得到的）in several sizes for this use. The common names for types of anthracite are pea, nut stove, and egg. The sizes range from pea, with a maximum diameter of 2.22cm（读作two point two two） to egg at 8.23cm diameter. Semianthracite（半无烟煤）burns more rapidly and with a long flame than anthracite because of its high content of volatile matter. It produces less slag （残渣）and little smoke. 无烟煤几乎所有碳。它燃烧烟。几乎所有美国的无烟煤来自宾夕法尼亚州。它通常被称为硬煤干煤热值X106焦耳/千克。由于它包含挥发物,它一个非常小的火焰燃烧。无烟煤最常烧煤取暖住宅,。无烟煤类型是豌豆,螺母火炉,和鸡蛋。范围最大直径2.22厘米到8.23厘米直径的蛋。含有大量挥发物半无烟煤比无烟煤燃烧更迅速。它产生更少的渣和小烟。是目前最常用的Coal is sold at varying prices, depending upon quality, size and other factors, but the important considerations（考虑）for a power plant operator are its Btu content （英热单位内容）and chemical composition （化学成分）. 煤不同价格,这取决于质量、大小和其他因素,但核电厂操作员最重要的因素是它的Btu内容和化学成分 There are two kinds of analysis for coal: the proximate analysis （工业分析）and the ultimate analysis （元素分析）. The proximate