通信原理-英文版要点分析.ppt

Principles of Communications Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical Review of Communication Origin of ancient communication Two modes of communication Development of modern communication 1.2 Message, information signal Message：speech, letters, figures, images… Information：effective content of message. Different types of messages may contain the same information Signal：the carrier of message What transmitted in a communication system is signal. Measurement of information： # “quantity of message” ? information content # Ex: “Rainfall will be 1 mm tomorrow” – information content small “Rainfall will be 1 m tomorrow” – information content large “The sun will rise in the east tomorrow morning” – information content equals zero # Information content I = I [ P(x) ]，P(x) – Occurrence probability # Definition：I = loga [1/P(x)] = -logaP(x) # Usually, set a = 2, the unit of the information content will be called a bit. # For an equal probability binary symbol: I = log2 [1/P(x)] = log2 [1/(1/2)] = 1 bit # For an equal probability M-ary symbol: I = log2 [1/P(x)] = log2 [1/(1/M)] = log2 M bit If M = 2k ，then I = k bit Analog Signal Digital Signal 1.3.2 Advantages of Digital Communication Finite number of possible values of signals Correct decision may be achieved Error correcting techniques can be used. Digital encryption can be used. Different kinds of analog digital message can be integrated to transmit Digital communication equipment: Design and manufacture are easier Weight volume are smaller Digital signal can be compressed by source coding to reduce redundency. Out put S/N increases with bandwidth according to exponential law. 1.3.4 Specifications of Digital Communication Systems Relationship between efficiency reliability (rate ~ accuracy) Transmission rate： Symbol rate: RB －Baud Information rate: Rb － bit/second For M-ary system：Rb = RB log2 M Message rate: RM ? Error probability： Symbol error probability Pe =