分子与合成生物学读书要点讲解.docVIP

分子与合成生物学读书报告 2篇文献报告 国际遗传机器大赛(IGEM)项目报告 国际大分子设计大赛（BIOMOD）项目报告 合成生物学软件“BACH”项目报告 学 院 化工学院 班 级 2011级制药工程2班 姓 名 高永好 学 号 3011207342 1.文献报告 A. Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns. Paul W. K. Rothemund1 Abstract ‘Bottom-up fabrication’, which exploits the intrinsic properties of atoms and molecules to direct their self-organization, is widely used to make relatively simple nanostructures. A key goal for this approach is to create nanostructures of high complexity, matching that routinely achieved by ‘top-down’ methods. Here I describe a simple method for folding long, single-stranded DNA molecules into arbitrary two-dimensional shapes. The design for a desired shape is made by raster-filling the shape with a 7-kilobase single-stranded scaffold and by choosing over 200 short oligonucleotide ‘staple strands’ to hold the scaffold in place. Once synthesized and mixed, the staple and scaffold strands self-assemble in a single step. The resulting DNA structures are roughly 100 nm in diameter and approximate desired shapes such as squares, disks and five-pointed stars with a spatial resolution of 6 nm. Because each oligonucleotide can serve as a 6-nm pixel, the structures can be programmed to bear complex patterns such as words and images on their surfaces. Finally, individual DNA structures can be programmed to form larger assemblies, including extended periodic lattices and a hexamer of triangles (which constitutes a 30-megadalton molecular complex). 折叠DNA构建纳米形状和图案 原子的“自上而下的加工”是一种利用原子和分子内部性质来指导他们自我组织的加工方式。被广泛应用于纳米结构的构建，这种过程的核心目的是建立高度复杂的纳米结构，这些结构都匹配老一套的由上而下理论。DNA分子的自我装配提供了一种达到这个目的的吸引人的路线。这篇文章中作者提出了一种简单的理论，这种理论可以把长的单股DNA构建成二维形状，在他们提出的想法中，要设计区做一个形状的要点是用7000个碱基支架作为光栅填充这个形状，并且选择至少200个短核苷酸作为主链来承载这个支架。一旦混合之后，主要物质和支架就进行单步执行自我装配，DNA结构的结果是大约100nm直径的规则形状，他们具有6nm的空间分辨率。因为每一个核苷酸可以占有6像素，所以这些结构可以被设计来构建复杂的模型，比如词语和图像。最后单个的DNA结构可以被用来编程形成大的装配体，包括延长周期格子和六聚体的三角形。 文章首先介绍了AFM和STM的发展，提出他们需要高压或者是低温即引