Stat-Sec1统计学课件.pptVIP

Session 1(continued) Section 1 (Outcome 1) (p11-p48) Statistical techniques for collecting data  1.1 Introduction What is Statistics ? Statistics is a mathematical science dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data. Statistics is widely employed in government, business, and the natural and social sciences.  Examples: Government Population Census (人口普查) CPI, House price, GDP, Wage, Income, Unemployment Industry: Quality of products : Length, Weight, Strength, Sales, Costs, Profit,  1.2 The language (terms, 术语) of Statistics ■ Data types (数据类型) ■ Data sources (数据来源) ■ Data collection (数据收集) ■ Sampling methods (抽样方法) Section (Outcome) 1 will discuss these 4 subjects.  1.3 Data types (数据类型) , p15 ◆ Qualitative (Descriptive) Data (描述型数据) Words are used to describe the data. Examples: Hair colour : black, brown, blonde Marital status: married, single, widowed Methods of study: part-time, full-time,  ◆ Ordinal Data (顺序型数据) It consists of rankings or order, such as first, second, third Examples: Your general health: Poor, reasonable, good, Excellent  ◆ Quantitative Data (数值型数据) It is numerical data. ◇ Discrete (离散的) Discrete data can only take specific values Examples: # of students in a class, 25, 32, . . . # of rooms in a home, 2, 3, 5, . .. Shoe size, . . . 4, 41/2 , 5, 51/2 , . . . (Note: The values are exact)  ◇ Continuous (连续的) It can not take exact value It can measured to a certain degree of accuracy Example: Height of children in a gym team 1.31(m), 1.35, 1.30,