可译性与不可译性摘要.pptVIP

杨宪益夫妇的译文： This bird appears when the world falls on evil times; None but admires her talents and her skill; First she complies, then commands, then is dismissed, Departing in tears to Jinling more wretched still. 三种译文没有一种反映出原语作者所精心设置的这一“慧心妙语”——以形传意，意自形生的艺术形式语言特点。何也？还是因为英语是表音文字，没有表意的功能。 二）汉语的测字绝对不可译 下面是一个有关汉语测字的英译个例： 我国的文学巨著《红楼梦》第九十四回就记载了这种测字预测事例： 贾宝玉的宝玉找不到了。为了找到这块玉贾府管家林之孝专门去找了测字先生刘铁嘴测了个“赏”字。探春便问：“测的是什么字？” 林之孝家的道：“他的话多，奴才也学不上来，记得是拈了个赏人东西的‘赏’字。那刘铁嘴也不问，便说：‘丢了东西不是？’”李纨道：“这就算好。”林之孝家的道：“他还说，‘赏’字上头一个‘小’字，底下一个‘口’字，这件东西很可嘴里放得，必是个珠子宝石。”众人听了，夸赞道：“真是神仙。往下怎么说？”林之孝家的道：“他说底下‘贝’ 字，拆开不成一个‘见’字，可不是‘不见’了？因上头拆了‘當’字，叫快到当铺里找去。‘赏’字加一‘人’字，可不是‘償 ’字？只要找着当铺就有人，有了人便赎了来，可不是偿还了吗。” Tan-chun asked: ‘What character did he analyse?’ “He said a whole lot, too much for me to repeat,” replied Lin’s wife, “I remember that the character he picked was shang meaning ‘gift’. Then, without asking any questions, that Iron Mouth Liu said, You’ve lost something, I take it.’” ‘A Good guess!’ exclaimed Li Wan. Lin’s wife continued: “Then he said the upper part of the character is the xiao for small with with the kou for mouth below; so the thing should be small enough to put in the mouth and it must be some sort of jewel. ” “That’s really miraculous!’ they cried, “What else did he say?” “The lower part of the character was a stroke or two short of jian meaning ‘see,’ so the object must have disappeared from sight. And as the top half was the same as dang for ‘pawn’, so we should look for the missing object in a pawnshop. When we add ren, a ‘man’, to shang, it gives chang meaning ‘redeem.’ So once we hit on the right pawnshop, we’ll find whoever pawned it and we can redeem it.” ——Yang Xianyi and Galdys Yang 从原文中可译看出，“测字”是通过把汉字拆分成独体字或偏旁部首，根据字体的各种组合形态所产生的意象中扑捉意义的联系和灵感，从而获得所需要的信息。从译文中可以看出，所有汉字字形所产生的意义在译文里面荡然无存。离开了具体的字体形态，便无从谈起“测”的问题。所有的预测之译语皆为无源之水，无本之木。俗话说“皮之不存，毛将焉附？”意从形中来，形既不存，意从何来？