天津大学-化工英语(研究生入学考试,专业Top1)解析.docVIP

化工英语备课 化学化工 学院　 系 Chemical Engineering Chemical engineers create processes based upon physical and chemical change. The processes may yield marketable items市场效益, such as gasoline 汽油or penicillin青霉素, or noncommercial items, such as clean air or clean water. The processes are created by integrating整合 principles from basic sciences — traditionally chemistry, physics, and mathematics — with consideration of economics, environmental impact, and employee safety. Several textbooks in chemical engineering have introductory 介绍性的chapters on the chemical engineering profession. At the end of this chapter we list some of the most frequently used texts. We encourage you to browse through浏览 the introductory chapters of these books. Their subsequent chapters will give you a glimpse of topics in the chemical engineering curriculum. The chemical engineering profession, barely 100 years old, began as an interface 交叉between chemistry and mechanical engineering. The principal goal in the early days of chemical engineering was to commercialize chemical reactions developed at a chemist’s bench化学家实验室. In 1983 a list of the top ten achievements of chemical engineering was compiled on the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), a national organization with approximately 60,000 members. The AIChE used two criteria to form this list: first, the degree to which the achievement was an innovative and creative response to a societal need, and second, the historical impact of the process. These achievements are summarized as follows: Synthetic rubber. Elastic弹性的 materials, such as automobile tires and drive belts, are an integral part of everyday life. The annual production of rubber in 1983 was twenty-two billion pounds. Remarkably, this industry was developed in only two years, just in time to replace shortages of natural rubber during World War II. Antibiotics抗生素. In 1918 an influenza epidemic killed twenty million peopl