2005年虚拟语气复习总结.pptVIP

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 　　1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers. 　　A. being 　　B. are 　　C. be 　　D. were 　如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 　　2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldnt have to look it up. A. know　B. knew　C. known 　　D. knowing 　如果我知道这个词的意义，就不必查词典了。 　2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 　　例：1995年6月四级第46题 　　We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, 　　A) would have telephoned 　　 B) must have telephoned 　　C) would telephone 　 　 D) had telephoned 　　3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 　　例：1996年1月四级第44题 　　Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. 　　A. has to get 　　B. had got 　　C. were to get 　　D. could have got 　　4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。 　　有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。（这种结构在口语中很少使用）。 　　例：1997年6月四级第42题： Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 　5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语、上下文或其它方式来表示。 　　例：1995年6月四级第46题 　　We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we __________ him. 　A. would have telephoned 　B. would telephone 　C. must have telephoned 　D. had telephoned 　虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 　　(一) 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略） 　　1．表示现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去式。 　　例：1995年6月四级第45题 　　I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. 　A. could have slept 　　B. slept 　 C. might have slept 　　D. have slept 　2．如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如： 　　I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 　　我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 　(二) 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advi