4.关系和有向图relationsanddigraphs.docVIP

4.关系和有向图Relations and Digraphs 4.1乘积集合和划分Product sets and Partions 乘积集合Product sets A(B ={(a,b) | a(A, b(B} | A(B|=|A|(|B| A1(A2(……(An ={ (a1, a2,……an)| ai(Ai,i=1,2,……,n} 划分Partion or Quotient set of A A= A1∩A2∩……∩An, Ai(( , Ai∩Aj=(, i=1,2,……,n .4.2关系和有向图Relations and Digraphs 关系R(A(B R称为A到B上的关系, a Relation from A to B. R(A(A R称为A上的关系, a relation on A. (a,b) (R, 也记作 aRb. 例1． IA ={(a,a)| a(A} 等于关系。 例2． A={1,2,3,4}, Q={(1,2), (1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4),(3,4)} Q是A上小于关系。 例3． P= IA∪{(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,4)}, P是A上整除关系。 由关系派生的集合Sets Arising from Relations 定义域Dom(R) domain of R 关系R(