挖掘作业安全祥解.ppt

* * * * Means of Egress: A stairway, ladder, or ramp must be present in excavations that are 4 or more feet deep, and within 25 feet of the employees. The ladder should extend 3 feet above the excavation Summary: The greatest risk in an excavation is a cave-in. Employees can be protected through sloping, shielding, and shoring the excavation. A competent person is responsible to inspect the excavation. Other excavation hazards include water accumulation, oxygen deficiency, toxic fumes, falls, and mobile equipment. REMEMBER: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Excavation Safety Objectives: Highlight the hazards of working in a excavation. How to protect employees from cave-ins. Factors that pose a hazard to employees working in excavations. The role of a competent person at an excavation site. Introduction: Cave-ins are perhaps the most feared trenching hazard. But other potentially fatal hazards exist including: Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen in a confined space Inhalation of toxic fumes, drowning, etc. Electrocution or explosions can occur when workers contact underground utilities. Definitions: Cave-In: Means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure or immobilize a person. Definitions: Excavation Falling onto the Personnel: A RELATIVELY SMALL COLLAPSE MIGHT INVOLVE A CUBIC METRE OF SOIL, BUT A CUBIC METRE OF SOIL WEIGHS OVER A TONNE. PERSONNEL BURIED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TRENCH UNDER THIS VOLUME OF MATERIAL WOULD BE UNABLE TO BREATHE DUE TO THE PRESSURE ON THEIR CHESTS, AND SO WOULD QUICKLY SUFFOCATE AND DIE. Anatomy of a Cave - In: There is usually no warning before a cave-in Definitions Continued: Excavation – a man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression formed by