专业英语21-24.docVIP

21. The lathe Vocabulary: lathe [????] 车床 ordinary [?????????] 普通的carry out 完成, 实现, 执行 versatile [??????????] 通用的 workshop [????????] 车间 capable [????????] 有能力的 component [???????????] 成分 headstock [????????] 主轴箱 tailstock [?????????] 尾架 tool-post 刀架，刀座 cross-slide横向拖板job [????] 工件 sidewards [?????????] 横着, 向旁边地 saddle [?????]carriage [???????] 溜板箱 accommodate [??????????] 提供 turret [??????] 转动架，转塔 revolve [???????] 旋转 twist [??????] 扭曲 center [??????] 顶尖spindle [???????] 主轴 taper [??????] 锥形 nose [????] 前端 firmly [???????] 稳固的 uniform [??????????] 统一的 rough [????] 粗糙的 chuck [????] 卡盘feed-shaft 进给杆 finishing cut 精加工 finish [??????] 光洁度、粗糙度 front-plate 花盘 jaw [????] 夹爪 drill [?????] 钻孔 bore [????] 镗孔 thread [????] 螺纹 transverse [??????????] 横向的 engage [????????] 连结，接合，啮合 pitch [????] 螺距 alter [??????] 改变 reverse [???????] 反向的reversing lever 反向手柄 original [??????????] 最初的 Text: The lathe is one of the most useful and versatile machine in the workshop, and is capable of carrying out a wide variety of machining operations. The main components of the lathe are the headstock and tailstock at opposite ends of a bed, and a tool-post between them which holds the cutting tool. The tool-post stands on a cross-slide which enables it to move sidewards across the saddle or carriage as well as along it depending on the kind of job it is doing. The ordinary center lathe can accommodate only one tool at a time on the tool-post, but a turret lathe is capable of holding five or more tools on the revolving turret. The lathe bed must be very solid to prevent the machine from bending or twisting under stress. The headstock incorporates the driving and gear mechanism, and a spindle which holds the workpiece and causes it to rotate at a speed which depends largely on the diameter of the workpiece. A bar of large diameter should naturally rotate more slowly than a very thin bar; the cutting speed of the tool is what matters. Tapered centers in the hollow nose of the spindle and of the ta