东北地区白桦雌配子体的形成与胚胎发育研究.pdfVIP

植物学通报 2005, 22 (2): 147~152 Chinese Bulletin of Botany 研究论文 东北地区白桦雌配子体的形成与 胚胎发育研究① 1刘雪梅 2杨传平② 1( 东北林业大学生命科学学院 哈尔滨 150040) 2 ( 东北林业大学林学院 哈尔滨 150040) 摘要 以20年生白桦(Betula platyphylla) 的雌花序为材料, 研究了白桦的大孢子发生、雌配子体形成 和胚胎发育过程。结果表明：1)大孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成直线排列的4个大孢子, 其中珠孔端的 3个大孢子退化, 合点端的大孢子进行3次有丝分裂, 形成八核胚囊, 8个核迅速细胞化, 最终发育为成熟 胚囊。胚囊发育类型为单孢子蓼型胚囊; 2)胚的发育经过原胚、球形胚、心形胚和鱼雷胚等阶段发育为 成熟胚; 胚柄在球形胚时期最发达, 但胚柄短小, 只由3个扁平细胞组成, 之后逐渐退化。本文同时对雌 花的结构和发育特点在桦木科各属中的异同、白桦胚胎发生类型及胚胎发育进程的同步性进行了讨论。 关键词 白桦, 大孢子发生, 雌配子体, 胚胎发育 Megagametophyte and Embryo Development of Betula platyphylla in Northeastern China 1LIU Xue-Mei 2YANG Chuan-Ping② 1(College of Life Sciences of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040) 2(Forestry College of Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040) Abstract This paper describes megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, and the process of embryonic development of the female inflorescence in 20-year-old Betula platyphylla . Megaspore mother cells undergo meiosis, which results in the formation of 4 megaspores in a row. The chalazal-most cell develops into an 8-nuclei embryo sac after 3 rounds of mitosis. A mature embryo sac is produced after cellularization and nuclear migration. The other cells of the tetrad undergo degeneration. The mature embryo sac consists of an egg apparatus, a central cell, and 3 antipodal cells. The embryo sac is a monosporic Polygonum type. The zygote develops into a mature embryo going through proembryo, globular, heart, and torpedo stages. The suspensor is developed fully at the stage of globular embryo and consists of 3 cells, which are degenerated later. The organization and development of the female flower and the type and synchrony of embryogenesis in Betulaceae are also discussed. Key words Betula platyphylla , Megasporogenesis, Megagametophyte, Em