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* * * * * a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in vitro fertility (IVF) treatment a skin graft H Discuss the pictures on the opposite page using words from this lesson. 2.1 Vocabulary A What are the greatest medical achievements of all time? Possibly: penicillin the discovery of DNA organ transplants … 2.2 Reading 1 Define each achievement. 2 How did it change human life? 3 Which is the greatest achievement? B Study the text on the right. Medical achievements of the past 50 years ? vaccinations ? steroids (e.g., cortisone) ? cardiac surgery ? organ transplants ? magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ? laser surgery ? discovery of DNA structure ? research into endorphins Reference: The Cambridge History of Medicine, Roy Porter, ed., 2001 2.2 Reading Achievement Definition Effect Vaccinations Steroids (e.g., cortisone) Cardiac surgery Organ transplants injection of a microbe to stimulate the immune system and so prevent disease beat bacteria, controlled deficiency or viral diseases and provided effective medication a chemical substance produced naturally in the body made it possible to increase understanding of the immune system surgery on the heart enabled doctors to carry out heart transplants and open-heart surgery replacing one human organ (from the recipient) with that from another person (the donor) extended lives of people with chronic heart disease, for example 2.2 Reading B Study the text on the right. Achievement Definition Effect Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Laser surgery Discovery of DNA structure Research into endorphins a radiology technique that uses magnetism, radio waves and a computer to produce images of body structures revolutionized diagnostic capacities, increased accuracy of disease detection (in particular to the head, trauma to the brain) surgery carried out using a narrow beam of light radiation or a laser beam to cut through tissue enabled doctors to carry out microsurgery, increased precision, recovery period is reduced compare