高一英语上册知识网络复习30.docVIP

高一北师大版学案系列30 [ 名师讲堂 ] 重点语法 重点语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句 一、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句起限定作用,若省去,原有意义不完整；非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,若省去,原句意义不受影响。如: This is the house which we bought last week. (限制性定语从句) The house, which we bought last week, is very nice. (非限制性定语从句) 由上可知,有无逗号是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。在非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略,也不能用that引导。如: This is the photo that / which I took yesterday.(photo 后无逗号,这是限制性定语从句,可用that代替which) Charles Smith, who was my English teacher, moved to New York last year.(本句为非限制性定语从句,关系词who在从句中作主语,指代人,但不能用that代替) This novel, which I have read three times, is very interesting and moving.(本句为非限制性定语从句,关系词which在从句中作宾语,指代物,既不能省略,也不能用that代替) 注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 二、as、which引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句的先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时,可以由which 或as 引导。但是which 或as 引导的非限制性定语从句有如下区别: 1. as引导的非限制性定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解释或评论,往往翻译为正如,正像,as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态句。可以位于主句之前、中间或之后。如: As he said, I was very useful to him. The elephant is like a snake, as anyone can see. 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句,是对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态、特点或结果,只能位于主句之后。如: They lost their way, which delayed them for two weeks. It rained hard yesterday, which prevented us from playing football. [ 影音留声 ] Billy Elliot 《舞动人生》讲述了一个小男孩靠着对芭蕾艺术执着的爱,最终战胜了贫困和偏见,实现梦想的动人故事。主人公Billy从小就和他的父亲、兄长生活在英国北部的一个小镇上。他每周要去上拳击训练课。一天,在上训练课时,他偶然接触了芭蕾舞,这美奂绝伦的艺术立刻深深地迷住了他。Billy用上拳击课的钱偷偷去学习舞蹈。他的父亲知道此事后非常愤怒。面对父亲的怒火,小Billy没有退缩,而是在父亲面前施展了自己这几个月以来学到的一切。最终,顽固的父亲被儿子的激情与舞蹈天分所打动。 下面这一幕是父亲在舞蹈老师Wilkinson夫人的推荐下送Billy到伦敦参加舞蹈学校的入学考试的情景。 Teacher:Can you tell us why you first became interested in the ballet? Billy:I don’t know. Teacher:Well, was there any particular aspect of the ballet, which caught your imagination? Billy:The dancing. Father:He dances all the time. Every night, after school. Teacher:Yes, well, we have a very enthusiastic letter from Mrs Wilkinson, and she has told us of your personal circumstances. Mr Elliot,