2014日本美国台湾医疗事故的调查比较研究概要.docx

22 Mich. St. Intl. L. Rev. 777 Michigan State International Law Review 2014 MSU College of Law and Doshisha Law School Joint Symposium: “My Keywords for Understanding Japanese Law” *777 DISCERNING WHY PATIENTS DIE: LEGAL AND POLITICAL CONTROVERSIES IN JAPAN, THE UNITED STATES, AND TAIWAN Robert B Leflar [FNa1] Copyright ? 2014 by the Michigan State University College of Law; Robert B Leflar I. Introduction and Background.........................................777 II. Medical Error Discernment Outside and Inside Legal Frameworks............................................................. 780 A.Internal Hospital Reviews, Medical Records Access, and Truth-telling......................................................................... 780 B.Medical Error Discernment in Civil, Criminal, and Administrative Systems........................................................782 1. Civil Law..................................................... 782 2. Criminal Law................................................. 788 3. Japans Model Project for Peer Review..................... 793 4. Administrative Compensation Systems....................... 794 III. Conclusion............................................................ 796 I. Introduction and Background Reviews of cases of suspected medical error resulting in death or injury take place for various purposes--quality-of-care improvement, compensation entitlement ascertainment, and criminal responsibility determination among others. Those reviews take different forms in different societies, depending on their respective legal, institutional, and cultural arrangements. [FN1] *778 Case-review processes often result in political controversy as well. This descriptive essay sets out, in broad-brush fashion, some aspects of medical case-review processes and their outcomes in Japan, the United States, and Taiwan. The incidence of medical error is surprisingly high in every advanced society. Epidemiological studies in seve