Unit4ComputerNumericalControlSystemthebasicsofthe.pptVIP

Unit 4: Computer Numerical Control System the basics of the core of CNC machine tool-CNC unit: functions，working principles，hardware configuration and software structure to view the main features of CNC unit in more general terms: stressing why things are handled the way they are even more than the specific techniques used with any one particular CNC machine tool→ be able to easily zero in on any kind of CNC machine tool two types：numerical control (NC) (have to read the program each time a part is run←they have no means of editing existing programs) computer numerical control (CNC) (can store and allow editing of loaded programs) 4.1.1 NC system The NC machine can be divided into three basic areas: control unit + drive mechanisms + the machine The most basic function of any NC machine is automatic，precise，and consistent motion control． All forms of NC equipment have two or more directions of motion--called axes ∣ These axes can be precisely and automatically positioned along their lengths of travel. The two most common axis types are linear (driven along a straight path) and rotary (driven along a circular path)． conventional machine tools: motions are by manually turning cranks and hand-wheels NC machines: motions are actuated by servomotors under control of the NC，and guided by the part program ∣ the motion type (rapid, linear，and circular)， the axes to move， the amount of motion and the motion rate (feed rate) are programmable numerical data : for controlling the relative motion between cutting tool and piece part， the component dimensions ( from engineering drawings--the geometric data), to define feed rates, spindle speeds，tool identification numbers， and miscellaneous functions