1、总论、蛲虫精要.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 消化系统 线虫的消化系统完整。 生殖系统 雄性生殖系统 雌性生殖系统 单管型 双管型 排泄系统 线虫的排泄系统有管型和腺型两种，管型的排泄管结构可构成 H、U或倒U型等。 神经系统 卵壳 卵黄膜 壳质层 蛔甙层 2、虫　卵 (Egg) 无 卵 盖 内容物 单个卵细胞 分裂的卵细胞 胚胎 蛔虫卵 钩虫卵 蛲虫卵 1、线虫的发育阶段 虫卵 幼虫 成虫 一般线虫幼虫，共蜕皮4次。 二、生活史（life cycle) 孵化 蜕皮 2、生活史类型 土源性线虫 肠道寄生线虫 （直接发育型） 生物源性线虫 组织寄生线虫 （间接发育型） 直接发育型 蛔虫生活史 间接发育型 丝虫生活史 Pinworm Geographical distribution： widespread in the world from the tropics to the cold zones  Enterobius vermicularis 蠕形住肠线虫(P166) Morphology The female 8-13mm The male 2-5mm Egg is ingested Larvae hatch in small intestine Adult mature in colon Adults lay eggs on perianal region Eggs embryonate on perinea region Eggs contaminate fingers Parasitizing sites: blindgut/cecum,appendix,colon,rectum or below portion of ileocaecal Males die following copulation, females migrate to the perineal regions and deposit eggs The life cycle spans 2-6 months, the females survive 2 months in host Pathogenesis and Symptomatology Most of the evident pathological changes due to : Itching and irritation caused by the migration of gravid females around the perianal, perineal, and vaginal areas. Heavy infection: sleeepless, weight loss, hyperactivity, grinding of teeth, abdominal pain and vomiting Hu et al(1986) reported that 9.2% of surgically removed appendixes from children were the infested appendicitis caused by pinworm. Ectopic localization: female reproductive tract, appendix, the peritoneal cavity or urinary bladder Diagnosis finding eggs by stool examination finding eggs by strip of collophane tape to the perianal skin The best time for collection is early in the  morning before defecation Searching female worms around the anus  at night In Alaska of USA, 15% prevalence in children In China, 30.4% in boys, 29.5% in girls aged 7-12 Humans is only host of pinworm Four ways to infection: Retroinfection Self-infection Cross-infection Inhalation of airborne Self-infection Anus —hands —Mouth Cross-inf