老年人肺结核发病特点及防治.docVIP

老年人肺结核发病特点及防治 　　【摘要】 目的：旨在探讨老年人患肺结核病风险，临床特点、诊断、不同分型结核的治疗效果和结核的预防方法。方法：回顾性分析本院收治的68例老年肺结核患者的临床资料，对浸润型肺结核、慢性纤维空洞型、粟粒性肺结核患者的临床表现、诊断及治疗效果进行比较分析；并与随机抽取的72例青壮年肺结核患者治疗效果进行同型比较。按照治愈程度采用单向有序列联表进行统计分析，等级资料比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果：在老年组中，浸润型肺结核患者的治愈率明显高于慢性纤维空洞型患者，非糖尿病患者的治愈率明显高于糖尿病患者，无肝肾功能异常者的治愈率明显高于有肝肾功能异常者，且老年肺结核组总体治疗效果明显低于青壮年组，差异均有统计学意义（P中国论文网 /6/view-7246660.htm 　　【关键词】 老年人； 肺结核； 治疗及预防 　　【Abstract】 Objective：To investigate the risks of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis，the clinical characteristics，diagnosis，treatment effects of different types of tuberculosis and tuberculosis prevention methods.Method：The clinical data of 68 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestations，diagnosis and treatment effects of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis，chronic fibrocavernous，miliary tuberculosis were compared and analyzed.And 72 young patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly selected as the control group.Statistical analysis was carried out according to the degree of cure by using one-way linked list，rank data were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test.Result：In the older age-group，the cure rate of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than chronic fibrocavernous patients，the cure rate of nondiabetic patients was significantly higher than diabetic patients，the cure rate of patients without abnormal functions of hepar and kidney was significantly higher than patients with abnormal functions of hepar and kidney，and the overall treatment effect of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis group was significantly lower than the young adults group，the differences were statistically significant（P 　　1 资料与方法 　　1.1 一般资料 选取本院2008-2014年收治的68例浸润型肺结核老年患者作为病例组，年龄57～84岁，平均72岁，伴有空洞24例；其中有明确既往结核病史者61例；其余7例患者中，X线片或CT片显示有钙化灶者6例。所有患者中，男47例，女21例。 　　在诊治的青壮年患者中，随机抽取72例作为对照组，年龄15～37岁，平均23岁，伴有空洞者26例。所有患者中，男31例，女41例。 　　1.2 诊断标准 即入组标准，肺结核诊断按照中华医学会结核病学分会《肺结核诊断和治疗指南》的标准进行[3]。肺结核类型按照中华医学会结核病学分会1998年