宏观经济学第一章GDP：总产出和总收入的测量方案.pptVIP

* This data is slightly different than that shown in Table 1 in this chapter of the textbook. The data on this slide was obtained after the BEA had slightly revised its initial GDP figures. Source for data on GDP components: /national/index.htm Source for population data (used to calculate the per capita figures): /fred2/categories/104, series “POP”, value for July 1, 2007, Source: U.S. Department of Commerce: Census Bureau, * This example is similar to that in the text, but using different goods and different numerical values. Suggestion: Ask your students to compute nominal GDP in each year before revealing the answers. Ask them to compute the rate of increase before revealing the answers. In this example, nominal GDP grows for two reasons: prices are rising, and the economy is producing a larger quantity of goods. Thinking of nominal GDP as total income, the increases in income will overstate the increases in society’s well-being because part of these increases are due to inflation. We need a way to take out the effects of inflation, to see how much people’s incomes are growing in purchasing power terms. That is the job of real GDP. * This example shows that real GDP in every year is constructed using the prices of the base year and that the base year doesn’t change. The growth rate of real GDP from one year to the next is the answer to this question: “How much would GDP (and hence everyone’s income) have grown if there had been zero inflation?” Thus, real GDP is corrected for inflation. * The table in the top half of this slide merely summarizes the answers from the previous two slides. This table will be used shortly to compute the growth rates in nominal and real GDP and to compute the GDP deflator and inflation rates. * Again, the growth rate of real GDP from one year to the next is the answer to this question: “How much would GDP (and hence everyone’s income) have grown if there had been zero inflation?” This is