地学专业英语教材 Professional English for Geoscience Students.docVIP

Professional English for Geoscience Students 地学专业英语教材 白国平 主编 石油大学（北京）盆地与油藏研究中心 前 言 自1993年起，我国已成为原油净进口国。我国作为仅次于美国的世界第二大石油消费国，2002年的石油和油产品净进口量已超过9000万吨。国内的原油产量已远远不能满足我国经济持续快速增长对石油的需要。走出国门，开辟国际石油勘探开发市场已成为我国四大国家石油公司（中石油、中石化、中海油和中化）的基本油气经营战略。自20世纪90年代初涉足跨国油气勘探开发起，经过10余年的努力，我国油公司的海外战略已取得了显著的成效，目前国外油气勘探开发市场已遍及俄罗斯、中亚、中东、东南亚、非洲和南美洲等地区。 英语是石油工业的工作语言，为了更好的迎接今后的工作挑战，增大就业机会，学好专业英语就显得非常重要。为了让学生们初步掌握地学专业英语的基本词汇和阅读技巧，编者从美国地质学会（AGI）网站、英文专业教材以及其它相关材料精心编辑了该试用教材，内容涉及到地学专业的各个主要学科，从地球概论、板块构造与构造地质学、矿物与岩石、盆地、到石油地质学。本教材适用于高年级的本科生和研究生，编者希望学生掌握了该教材的专业词汇后，今后能借助专业字典阅读外文文献。 白国平 2004年6月 Contents 1. The Earth 1 2. Plate Tectonics 4 3. Faults and Earthquakes 10 4. Rock Cycles 12 5. Sedimentary Rocks 14 6. Sedimentary Basin 20 7. Additional Reading Materials 24 8. Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 30 9. Basic Concepts of Petroleum Geology 33 10. China’s Petroleum Industry 38 11. Bohai Bay Basin 44 12. Tarim Basin 50 13. Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 56 14. Standard Oil Company 58 1 . Importance of the course 2. Vocabulary Old word, new meaning: reservoir, seal, fault, fold, wildcat, migration, generation, accumulation New word: anticline, syncline, kerogen, tectonics Part new, part old: geology, physics geophysics, geochemistry 3. Structure of course General Geology to Petroleum Geology Earth, tectonics, structural geology, stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, seismic, sequence, petrology and mineralogy, sedimentology (facies and sedimentary petrology) Petroleum Geology: origin, generation, migration, accumulation, petroleum system 1．The Earth Introduction Three centuries (decade, millennium) ago, the English scientist Isaac Newton calculated, from his studies of planets and the force of gravity, that the average density of the Earth is twice that of surface rocks and therefore that the Earths interior must be composed of much denser material. Our knowledge of whats inside the Earth has improved immensely since Newtons time, but his estimate of the density remains essentia