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Teaching Contents: Principles of translation Factors of translation Process of translation Teaching Aims: To teach students the theory of translation. Teaching Focus: The principles of the translation Teaching Methods: Discussion (group work, then class work). Teaching Approaches: Multi-media aided. Teaching Procedures: 2.Alexander Fraser Tytler A translation should give 1)a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2)The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. 3)A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 3. The teacher’s opinion: In my opinion, two criteria are very important: the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). By faithfulness/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries. 4. Faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, We should pay attention to the following: 1)The content of the original: (思想内容) To convey the content and ideas of the original work completely. Try to avoid wrong translation and missing translation. Besides try to be careful with the tones and the distribution of the emphasis of the original work. e.g. Any use of an atomic bomb on Manchurian targets would be more for purposes of panic than of destruction. . 3. The style of the original: (文体风格) …and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth 书面语:并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。(不易懂) 口语: 要使这个归人民所有,由人民管理,为人民办事的政府永世长存。(口语化, 琅琅上口。) 4. The selection of vocabulary and expression in the target language: (语言文字) Try to avoid words or expressions difficult to un
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