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Assessment?of?natural?radioactivity?levels?and?radiation?hazards?due?to?cement?industry?? Abstract? The?cement?industry?is?considered?as?one?of?the?basic?industries?that?plays?an?important?role?in?the?national?economy?of?developing?countries.?Activity?concentrations?of?226Ra,?232Th?and?40K?in?Assiut?cement?and?other?local?cement?types?from?different?Egyptian?factories?has?been?measured?by?using?γ-ray?spectrometry.?From?the?measured?γ-ray?spectra,?specific?activities?were?determined.?The?measured?activity?concentrations?for?these?natural? radionuclides?were?compared?with?the?reported?data?for?other?countries.?The?average?values?obtained?for?226Ra,?232Th?and?40K?activity?concentration?in?different?types?of?cement?are?lower?than?the?corresponding?global?values?reported?in?UNSCEAR?publications.?The?manufacturing?operation?reduces?the?radiation?hazard?parameters.?Cement?does?not?pose?a?significant?radiological?hazard?when?used?for?construction?of?buildings.? Keywords:??Natural?radioactivity;??Cement;??Raw?materials;??Radiation?hazards? 1.?Introduction? The?need?for?cement?is?so?great.?That?it?considered?a?basic?industry.?Workers?exposed?to?cement?or?its?raw?materials?for?a?long?time?especially?in?mines?and?at?manufacturing?sites?as?well?as?people,?that?spend?about?80%?of?their?time?inside?offices?and?homes?(Mollah?et?al.,?1986;?Paredes?et?al.,?1987)?result?in?exposure?to?cement?or?its?raw?materials?being?necessary?reality?so?we?should?know?the?radioactivity?for?cement?and?its?raw?material.?There?are?many?types?of?cements?according?to?the?chemical?composition?and?hydraulic?properties?for?each?one.?Portland?cement?is?the?most?prevalent?one.?The?contents?of?226Ra,?232Th?and?40K?in?raw?and?processed?materials?can?vary?considerably?depending?on?their?geological?source?and?geochemical?characteristics.?Thus,?the?knowledge?of?radioactivity?in?these?materials?is?important?to?estimate?the?radiological?hazards?on?human?health. The?radiological?impact?from?the?natural?radioa