Lesson 4 The Architecture of Computer Systems.pptVIP

Lesson 4 The Architecture of Computer Systems 教学课件 Any discussion of computer architectures， of how computers and computer systems are organized， designed， and implemented， will inevitably make reference to the “Von Neumann architecture” as a basis for comparison， because virtually every electronic computer ever built has been rooted in this architecture.［1］ We have strong intuitive feelings about the “Von Neumann architecture” because this is what we have always used. This is “the way computers work”. To comprehend how computer designers conceive， or to appreciate what new choices must be found， it is necessary to have a definitive understanding of what the von Neumann architecture is and is not and what its implications are. The Von Neumann Architecture bases on three ideas： four subsystems， stored program concept and sequential execution of instructions.［2］ Four subsystems According to Von Neumanns preliminary discussion， the generalpurpose computing machine contains four main “organs”. These are identified as relating to arithmetic， memory， control， and connection with the human operator. In other words， the arithmetic logic unit， the control unit， the memory， and the input-output devices that we see in the classical model of what a computer “looks like”. The Control Unit（CU）， Arithmetic Logic Unit（ALU） and Register constitute the Central Processing Unit （CPU）. 教学课件 Stored program concept To Von Neumann， the key to building a general purpose device lies in its ability to store not only its data and the intermediate results of computation， but also to store the instructions， or orders， which brings about the computation.［3］ In a general purpose one the instructions must be as changeable as the numbers they acted upon. Therefore， why not encode the instructions into numeric form and store instructions and data in the same memory? Von Neumann proposes that programs and data should be stored in the same binary-number format in the mem