immunesystem精品课件.pptxVIP

Immune system ;;2. Composition ;central LO: thymus bone marrow T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes periphery LO through blood.; peripheral LO: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils;(2) lymphoid tissue in C.T. ; ;Three defensive barriers of human body ;I. Immune cells ;cellular IR: T- cells destroy the cellular Ag (virus, graft, tumor cell) by two ways: * cytotoxic sub (perforins) * activate certain genes that induce apoptosis.; B-lymphocyte come from bone marrow ; Nature killer cells (NK 细胞) They attack virus-infected cells and cancer cells, without previous stimulation.;;*APCs have the capacity to partially digest protein (Ag) into small peptides. *Lymphocytes can only recognize small peptides, so antigen processing is a necessary step for activation of lymphocytes (T- cells). ; The changes of lymphocytes after the recognition of Ag;lymphoblast: *large, pale-staining nucleus; *large amount of cytoplasm in basophilia transformation 转化 blastoformation 母细胞化; The changes of lymphocytes after the recognition of Ag; memory cells (TB): memory cells circulate with the blood and take place the transformation quickly when they reencounter same Ag (the secondary IR) *efficient surveillance system *basic immune injection; II. Lymphoid tissue ;2. Function participate in IR ;(1) diffuse lymphoid tissue *irregular in shape *more loosely arranged lymphocytes *very in type of lymphocytes.;postcapillary venule: * high endothelium * recirculation of lymphocyte;postcapillary venule ; ;; germinal center (生发中心): dark zone: large lymphoblasts light zone: middle sized cells;both of them distribute in periphery lymphoid organs and C.T. (digestive respiratory mucosa);structure