基于单片机的异步电动机软起动器设计技术文件.docVIP

摘 要 异步电动机具有结构简单、制造容易、性价比高、坚固耐用、工作性能好等诸多优点，已经被广泛地应用。但是，在起动过程中又存在着不少问题。针对该现状，本文设计了一款以单片机AT89S52为控制核心，基于晶闸管调压原理的异步电动机软起动器。 本文首先介绍了国内外软起动技术的发展现状及前景，并认真分析了三相交流异步电动机的固有起动特性和软起动器的工作原理及其控制策略，其次深入分析了异步电动机的工作特性，并建立了异步电动机的数学模型。最后设计了硬件电路，其中包括系统主电路、保护电路和控制电路等部分，并对其工作原理进行了详细的分析。 本文设计的软起动器操作方便简单，在满足异步电动机起动转矩要求及降低起动电流的前提下，能够及时跟随电机负载的变化，使异步电动机能够平稳可靠起动。 关键词：异步电动机；AT89S52；晶闸管；软起动器 Abstract Induction motor has a simple structure, easy to manufacture, cost-effective, durable, work performance, and many other advantages, has been widely used. However, in the starting process and there are many problems. According to the present situation, the paper designs a monolithic integrated circuit AT89S52 as control core, based on thyristor principle of voltage asynchronous motor soft starter. This paper describes the development of domestic and international soft-start technology status and prospects, and a careful analysis of the inherent three-phase AC induction motor starting characteristics and the soft starter operating principle and control strategy, followed by in-depth analysis of the induction motor operating characteristics, and established a mathematical model of induction motor. Finally the hardware circuit design, including system main circuit, protection circuit and control circuit and other parts and the work principle of a detailed analysis. This design of the soft starter operation easy and convenient, to meet the requirements of induction motor starting torque and reduce the starting current context, the ability to follow the motor load changes, so smooth and reliable induction motor to start. Keywords: induction motor; AT89S52; thyristor; soft starter II