基因工程CHAPTER分析.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Early farmers — like those in Egypt and the Americas — saved seeds from plants that produced the best crops, then planted them the next year to grow even better crops. Over many years, this selective breeding led to higher-yielding varieties. * Here’s one example of human intervention. We wouldn’t have corn as the food we enjoy today had generations of farmers not nurtured this crop along. On the left is teosinte, which is found in Mexico and Central America and is thought to be an early ancestor of corn. On the right is a modern ear of corn, which has been developed through many years of conventional plant breeding. Corn as we know it is considered a purely human invention that does not exist in nature and can only survive if sown and protected by people. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1985 Genentech launched its first product, Protropin (human growth hormone), for growth hormone deficiency in children 1987 Genentech launched Activase (tissue plasminogen activator) for dissolving blood clots in heart-attack patients 1990 Genentech launched Actimmune (interferon-g1b ) for treatment of chronic granulomatous disease 1990 Genentech and the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche complete a $2.1 billion merger The Human Insulin Molecule The A chain is in blue the B chain in red Insulin is a small protein signal hormone, known primarily for its role in glucose transport and the treatment of diabetes. It was first isolated in 1921 by Frederick Banting and Charles Best who first used extracts of animal pancreas to treat diabetic patients in 1922. Almost sixty years later in 1980 clinical trials began using pure recombinant human insulin produced from genetically modified E. coli. This was the first commercially available therapeutic protein to be produced using recombinant DNA technology. 现代生物技术产业兴起 1976年 投资人Robert Swanson和Herb Boyer成立Genentech公司。 1978年表达出人胰岛素，1979年表达人生长激素抑制素和生长激素。 1980年股票上市，20分钟内，从每股35美