土木工程专业英语6.5.1.doc

6. 5 Ductile Design of Concrete Frame Structures 6. 5.1 Ductility Iksign Philosophy The seismic design philosophy relies on providing sufficient ductility to the structure by which the structure can dissipate seismic energy. A reinforced concrete structure with sufficient ductility has the following advantages： A ductile reinforced concrete structure may take care of overloading, load reversals, impact and secondary stresses due to differential settlement of foundation. A ductile reinforced concrete structure gives the occupant sufficient time to vacate the structure by showing large deformation before its final collapse. Accordingly，the loss of life is minimized with the provision of sufficient ductility. Properly designed ductile joints are capable of resisting forces and deformations at the yielding of steel reinforcement. Therefore, these sections can reach their respective moment capacities, which is one of the assumptions in the design of reinforced concrete structures by limit state method. The ductile design of reinforced concrete members should ensure both strength and ductility. Strength of members can be assured by proper design of the sections following limit stat^ method. To achieve an appropriate degree of ductility, the following failure mode are expected： (a) Brittle failure modes should be suppressed； and (b) beams should fail before columns. Flexural yielding of bending members is ductile. Shear failure is brittle and should be avoided under seismic loading. To prevent shear failure occurring before bending failure it is good practice to design so that the flexural steel in a member yields while the shear reinforcement is working at a stress less than yield (say 90%). The structural ductility is achieved in the form of inelastic rotations in reinforced concrete members. The inelastic rotations spread over definite regions called as plastic hinges. During inelastic deformations, the actual material properties are beyond elastic range and hence dama