园林规划设计张海清技术报告.docVIP

Part 1 INTRODUCTION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1.1 Meanings of Landscape Planning Design（基本概念） “将天然和人工元素设计并统一的艺术和科学，它运用天然的和人工的材料如泥土、水、植物和构筑物由园林设计师创造各种用途和目的的空间。” ——《牛津园艺指南》 Definitions of landscape, landscape design, landscape architecture, landscape planning 景观：是指土地及土地上的空间和物质所构成的综合体。是复杂的自然过程和人类活动在大地上的烙印。 Landscape has five main compositional elements: Landform, Vegetation, Water, Paving,Structures.? Landscape Design is the art of arranging these five elements to make good outdoor space. Outdoor space which is good? from one point of view (eg social) may be bad from another point of view (eg aesthetic or natural process). A space can also be good for humans but bad for other species (eg a swimming pool with treated water). Garden Design is a specialized branch of Landscape Design, concerned with? private space and private goods. The difference between the two arts is that one is concerned with private space and one with public space. Landscape Designers influence Natural Processes, Social Processes and Aesthetic Processes. Their aims and objectives can also be placed in these three groups. The objectives of Landscape Planning are similar to those of Landscape Design but planning projects tend to be More concerned with public goods than private goods Larger in scale Longer in duration Implemented by many contracts, rather than one contract 宽泛的定义——“能用一个画面展示，能在某一视点上可以全览的景象” 景观设计的两个环节:规划（广义景观设计）；具体空间设计（狭义景观设计） 综合性很强的环境系统设计 ◆环境系统是以园林专业所涵盖的内容为基础； ◆设计概念是以城市规划专业总揽全局的思维方法为主导 ◆设计系统是以美术与建筑专业的构成要素为主体 Landscape as system ◆Management,planning,and design as appreciative systems and regenerative processes require that the landscape be addressed as system, and that the designer be actively engaged in intergrative systems thinks. ◆Since systems thinking is profoundly different from the reductive approach of twentieth century Western cultures and has its own language that includes some conventional terms used in nonconventional ways, it is helpful to be