大学专业英语unitsectionAcomputerOverview分析.pptVIP

Computer Overview－ Hardware III. Hardware Modern digital computers are all conceptually similar, regardless of size. Nevertheless, they can be divided into several categories on the basis of cost and performance: the personal computer or microcomputer, a relatively low-cost machine, usually of desktop size (though “laptops” are small enough to fit in a briefcase, and “palmtops” can fit into a pocket); Conceptually 概念上的 divide 分割 Microcomputer 微型计算机 desktop 桌面 Laptops 膝上型计算机 briefcase 公文包palmtops 掌上型计算机 III. 硬件 不论尺寸大小，现代数字计算机在概念上都是类似的。然而，根据成本与性能，它们可分为几类：个人计算机或微型计算机，一种成本相对较低的机器，通常只有桌面大小（尽管“膝上型计算机”小到能够放入公文包，而“掌上型计算机”能够放入口袋）； Computer Overview－ Hardware the workstation, a microcomputer with enhanced graphics and communications capabilities that make it especially useful for office work; the minicomputer, generally too expensive for personal use, with capabilities suited to a business, school, or laboratory; and the mainframe computer, a large, expensive machine with the capability of serving the needs of major business enterprises, government departments, scientific research establishments, or the like (the largest and fastest of these are called supercomputers). Workstation 工作站 minicomputer 小型计算机 Mainframe 大型机 supercomputer 超级计算机 工作站，一种具有增强的图形与通信能力、从而使其对于办公室工作特别有用的微型计算机；小型计算机，一般就个人使用而言太昂贵，其性能适合于工商企业、学校或实验室；以及大型机，一种大型的昂贵机器，具有满足大规模工商企业、政府部门、科研机构或者诸如此类机构需要的能力（其中体积最大、速度最快的称为巨型计算机）。 Computer Overview－ Hardware A digital computer is not a single machine: rather, it is a system composed of five distinct elements: (1) a central processing unit; (2) input devices; (3) memory storage devices; (4) output devices; and (5) a communications network, called a bus, which links all the elements of the system and connects the system to the external world. Central processing unit 中央处理单元 Bus 总线 一台数字计算机不是单一的机器。确切地说，它是由5个不同的要素组成的系统：（1）中央处理器；（2）输入设备；（3）存储设备；（4）输出设备；以及