SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气教程.pptVIP

Subjunctive Mood 刘少冬 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气用来陈述事实或可能发生的事； Eg. China is a fast-developing country. 祈使语气用来提出请求、发出命令、警告、 威胁或叮嘱等。 Eg. Make yourself free and easy. 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现 的情况时，用虚拟语气；表示主观愿望或 表示某种强烈的情感时也用虚拟语气。 Eg. If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 虚拟语气的应用 一、虚拟语气在单句中的应用： 1 If only + 主语 + 谓语！(同If条件句) Eg. If only I were a bird! If only I had taken her advice! 2 介词短语（But for/ Without…）， 主语+谓+…（同条件复合句中的主句）。 Eg. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. Without air, there would be no living things. 条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 未来 V. + ed (were) had done would/could/should/might +V (原) would/could/should/might+have+done 1.V.+ ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do would/could/should/might +V. (原) 一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(3种)。 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的应用： （一）在状语从句中的应用： 1 在If 条件句中，有以下几种句型： I 与现在事实相反： If S+V-ed+…, S+would/should/could/might+V原形。 Eg. If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. II 与过去事实相反： If S+ had done, S+would/should/could/might+have done. Eg. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. III 与将来事实相反： If S+V-ed/were to do/should+…, S+would/should/could/might+V原. Eg. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. IV.错综时间条件句，遵循“各自为政”原则。 Eg. If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t be very tired. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) V. 省略if ，用“were, had, should+主语”。 Eg. 1 Were I in school again, I would work harder. 2 Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. 3 Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 2 在as if( as though)/even if( even though)引导的状语从句（或表语从句)中： 从句中的时态前倒，但当从句动词发生在主句动作之前时才用过去完成。 Eg. He looked as if he were an artist. The injured man acted as if nothing had happened. （二）虚拟语气在定语从句中： It is (high, right,…) time （that）+S+ V-ed/should do+…. Eg. It is high time that we went to school. It is time that we should have a discussion. （三）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用： I. 在wish 引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词可按时间情况，采用