2015-2016学年高一英语总结与练习（外研版）：Book 1 Module 4 Grammar-现在完成时 .docVIP

GRAMMAR 现在完成时 【语境展示】观察下面各组句子中现在完成时的用法，并加以总结。 1. a. I have lost my pen. b. Someone has broken the window. c. I haven’t visited London before. d. Ellen hasn’t finished her homework. e. Have you seen the sea? f. Has the boy washed his hands? 2. a. Put your wallet away. I have already paid for everything. b. I haven’t spoken to her yet. c. This is a lonely road. We haven’t met another car so far. d. We have kept our meetings secret up to now. e. I have lived at home till now. 3. a. The building has been here since 1876. b. The man has been in prison for five years. c. They have lived in that city all their lives. d. Henry has been ill in recent years. e. She has been away from her family in the last / past three years. 4. a. This / It is the first time that I have been to this beautiful mountain village. b. This / It is the last time that he has gone back to his hometown. c. This / It is the most gorgeous architecture that I have ever seen. d. This / It is one of the most interesting books I have read. 【自我归纳】通过观察以上句子，我们可总结出： ☆现在完成时由“have / has +动词-ed形式”构成，其否定形式为“haven’t / hasn’t +动词-ed形式”。变一般疑问句时，将have / has提到主语之前。（如第1组例句） ☆现在完成时可以表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, so far, up to now, till now等连用just, recently, ever, never, before等。 ☆现在完成时还可以表示从过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与in recent years, all one’s life,“in the last / past +时间段等连用。… / last time + that从句 2. This / It is (one of) +形容词最高级+ n. + that从句 （如第4组例句） 【拓展】现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 1. I lived in Taiyuan for 3 years. 2. I have lived in Taiyuan for 3 years. 这两个句子时间状语都是for 3 years，但使用的时态不同，表示的意义也不同。句1用一般过去时表示live这个动作在过去延续了三年，和现在没有关系；句2用现在完成时表示live这个动作从过去开始延续至今，甚至还可能持续下去。 【即学即练】 I. 用括号内内容的正确形式完成下面对话。 Mom: What are you doing? Dad: I 1. ________ (plan) to take the children to the beach this weekend. Mom: That’s great! We 2. ________ (go, not) out for a long time. Dad: Yes. It’s been five months since we 3. ________ (climb) the mountain last time. And this kind of weather is rare for this season. Mom: So we must seize this ch